Ok, I see that I may respond to a quite old thread... Now for my idea.
Why not a solar water heater?
Incorporate a very small water pump, let's say around 2-5 gph. Route the water from an inlet near the bottom of the pond (where the water is obviously not frozen) and route it up, into a solar collector and then into a containment chamber (will explain that shortly) and back into the pond at or near the surface. The sun's radiation during the exposed (daylight) hours will warm the water being circulated through the solar collector. If you route this water through some sort of a containment device, you can store that solar energy for the rest of the day, after the sun has gone down, and take advantage of that stored heat energy.
If you filled several 55 gallon plastic (HDPE) barrels with river rock and routed this solar heated water through them (you could even bury these tanks in the ground to help insulate them) you could store quite a bit of heat energy in the river rock that you collected from the sun during the day and extract it at night. If it doesn't get too cold in your location, you could even incorparate the heat reservoir into a rock wall around your pond somewhere (just be be aesthicly pleasing) and use the rock wall as a reservoir. I guess that depends upon the climate for your zone.
A very small gph pump and a rock reservoir designed for your local climate should provide sufficient water flow and stored heat to keep the surface open and maybe even more than just a small "pond-breathing" hole in the ice.
I am currently working on a solar accumulator for my system of bait tanks. I haven't perfected my ideas yet, but I KNOW that I can do it and I KNOW that it will work. I just must refine the design to make it compatible for my climate zone (Zone 5 in USA).
I haven't got this design that I have up in my head completely figured out just yet, but I am sure that I can come up with something that will work down to around -5°F (as long as the sun shines during the day (even through the clouds). A very efficient solar collector array and a large enough "heat" storage reservoir to last until the sun rises again is all that is needed.
Actually, I think I could devise a system that would keep the entire pond open all season, if I put some time into it. I just need to be careful not to boil my fish! I can come up with something in time, something that works just right and costs virtually nothing to operate. Obviously, such a system is going to have a high setup pricetag, but once it is completed, it will cost virtually nothing to operate. I would attempt to engineer it to use mostly "passive" means of operation (meaning very little electrical power input).
Is anyone interested in brainstorming here? All your ideas are welcome! Besides, it would be a lot of fun designing such a thing.
I am sure that someone else has already done such a thing, but they haven't yet shared it. Ha ha!
Let's get together and come up with something that works really well and then share it with everyone. How about that? Sound fun?
Gordy