mmathis, your line of questions made me realize that water in my bog was in fact flowing over the top of the gravel. As the bog boundary is filling in and resisting flow more effectively, the water level in the bog has gotten deeper without me realizing it, putting the gravel below the surface. I added more gravel, added some more plants, stopped using the filter bag and in a couple of days, the water has cleared to the point we can again see bottom in the deepest part of the pond! It had gotten pretty thick so it has been quite a remarkable recovery. We have also had a break in the 110 plus temps, so I can't be certain that what I changed was the solution, but either way, the conversation here has been helpful and is appreciated.
The filter bag (Shop dust-collector bag) was amazingly effective at filtering out the fine mineral sediment that found its way into the pond during construction so I thought it would be a good temporary solution to excess algae. Didn't seem to work out that way and after taking it out and things clearing up so fast, I'm wondering if it made the algae bloom worse. For one, the water was going through less of the bog, but I suspect there is more to it than that, though what, I cannot guess.
New pump arrived yesterday and the weir is en route. I'm excited for my first expansion! At this rate the whole yard will be a pond by the end of the year!