I found a 15A outdoor timer for about $7 and use it to run my 1000 watt deicer. These things can be picked up from a farm supply store for under $25. I set the timer to only run while the sun is down, but when we have a real cold spell I will leave it on all day. I put the deicer in my small bottom pond, so the pumps are sucking up slightly warmer water. The waterfall tends to keep the top of the pond open, so there is never any question about oxygen content.
I have a lot of grasses and irises planted in my pond, and I'm sorry to say that in colder climates, they do absolutely nothing to help keep the ice broken up. Moving water seems to have the most effect, so waterfalls and aerators would be where I would put my money.