Yes, adding rocks can keep a liner down as long as there's enough weight and the liner is completely covered as taherrmann4 found. I gave some of the calculations at the end. This isn't a for sure fix. There's still pressure which could push loose rocks out of position or even crack mortared rock enough to push in a side.Waterbug, couldn't he just have gravel and rock covering the liner, to keep it from floating, if it is in fact clay soil and a high water table. When we had the preform it wouldn't float at all as long as there were a few heavy rocks in there and the water. As soon as we took out rocks and drained water though it would float. With the new pond, we have river rock on the bottom with larger boulders around the edges at the deepest pool. It doesn't sppear to have moved at all.
A preform has some rigidity, so a single rock could be enough to keep it from floating, just like a boat. But you do run the risk of the structure failing completely because all the force is located is single point, or a few points. In a flexible liner the rock would probably stay at the bottom but the rest of the liner would float.