Guess it is not harmful to earthworms. This is from the U.S.D.A
THE MARVELOUS MILKY SPORE STORY
AS DEVELOPED BY U.S.D.A.
HOT SPRINGS, VA - Cold, wet weather this Spring in the Eastern United States may cause heavier than normal infestations of Popilla japonica, or Japanese Beetle. Not native to this Country, the Beetles arrived accidentally in a shipment of shrubbery from Korea, not Japan, in the 1930's and have caused millions of dollars in damage to ornamentals, fruit trees, and other plants ever since. "Some years the Beetles aren't too bad, but when weather conditions are right," says Theodore Reuter, Director of St. Gabriel Laboratories in Gainesville, Virginia, "The beetles can arrive in giant swarms eating everything in sight." Reuter's laboratory collects live Beetle larvae or grubs from throughout the Middle Atlantic States twice a year, in Spring and Fall. "The adult Beetle lays fifty eggs in Fall which quickly turn into grubs." "For every 1000 adult Beetles flying around your yard in the Summer, there may be 50,000 grubs forming in the lawn by Fall," according to Reuter, "and, the nicer one maintains his lawn, the more the Beetles are attracted to it." Grubs actually cause more damage than the flying adults by feeding on grass roots; and the roots of young trees and shrubs. Even the roots of flowers and flower bulbs fall prey to Beetle grubs.
In Hot Springs, Virginia, old-timers, including golf professional "Slam-min' Sammy Snead" remembers how bad the Beetles could get at the famous golf courses in the area. "The Beetles were so bad," says Sam, "They'd fly right in your face when you tried to hit the ball." Golf course managers said there were so many Beetle grubs in the ground chewing on the grass roots, they were able to roll back the sod like a giant toupee.
U.S.D.A. Researchers, after World War Two, initiated an attack on the Japanese Beetle in what is described as the first major effort to combat insect pests using a biological tool. At the U.S.D.A. facility in Greenbelt, Maryland, Dr. Sam Dutky made a startling discovery while studying some sick Japanese Beetles he had collected. A common spore, which he named Milky Disease, would cause a serious illness in Japanese Beetle larva, which he termed "The weakest link" in the Beetle's one year life cycle. The problem was the spore didn't occur naturally enough in great quantity in the field to stop the Beetle on its own. Over the next few years Dr. Dutky* developed a process of producing Milky Spore in the laboratory using the larvae themselves. "Each grub," he said, "Becomes a tiny little factory producing up to three billion Milky Spores inside themselves." Dutky would collect the Beetle larvae from turf farmers and other locations, bring them to his laboratory, clean and anesthetize them; then inoculate each grub with a tiny hypodermic needle containing One-300th of a c.c. of Milky Disease serum derived from the original sick Beetles. Grubs were then incubated and finally sacrificed to produce Milky Spore Powder and more Milky Spore Disease serum. The finished powder was then spread on lawns in concentrated "spots" to contaminate other Beetle grubs who in turn would perpetuate the disease. Milky Spore had two great properties. One, the material only had to be applied once to the soil where it would last for years continually multiplying on its own, and Two, Milky Spore was "host Specific" infecting only Japanese Beetle grubs and nothing else. "Not even earthworms are affected," says Reuter, whose laboratory produces Milky Spore in the exact way developed by Dr. Dutky. "Milky Spore does not affect birds, bees, fish, other animals, plants or man," according to Reuter. "You could have it on your breakfast cereal ...its the safest material ever produced for insect control." In her 1950's book "Silent Spring," Rachel Carson mentioned Milky Spore as an antidote to chemical pesticides, which she warned, "would pollute and poison the earth."
U.S.D.A. produced Milky Spore in the 1950's and 1960's and spread it throughout the Washington, D.C. area including the grounds at the White House and Capitol Hill which are Beetle-free to this day. U.S.D.A. no longer makes Milky Spore but it is sold commercially by two U.S. companies, Reuter - St. Gabriel Laboratories in Gainesville, Virginia Tel 800 801-0061 and Fairfax Labs in Clinton Corners, New York. Efforts to produce Milky Spore in the test tube by other companies in recent years met with failure. "You've got to inject the Japanese Beetle Grubs with the original Dutky-serum to make it right," says Reuter, "Then you know its real viable material that will go on to control successive generations of larvae."
Mr. Reuter has appeared on 150 radio and television programs as a spokesman for the biological insect control industry. He is Director of St. Gabriel Laboratories, Gainesville, Virginia and past Chairman of the Biological Section of the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association in Washington, D.C.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, CONTACT TED SCOTT 703 754-1308
*Dr. Sam Dutky died in November, 1995 after a 40-year tenure at U.S.D.A.