you're going to have problems with your new wall if all you have is 4" of plastered brick. Brick are designed for compression, NOT sheer strength, which is what your water is going to exert on that wall. Minimum wall thickness, imo, should be 8", solidly filled concrete blocks with wire between courses and/or rebar every other hole. You want this wall to be unified.
There's also much engineering involved with putting in viewing windows; you're going to need something like a frame to hold each, and the thickness has to be calculated to again, withstand the force of the water. You don't want to have a collapse.
And to respond to the pea gravel/white stone you pictured; you want ONLY round edged stone because it will not compact. It will remain open between stones, as long as you don't force large organics up through that might clog between the stones. Do NOT use those white stones, you will be sorry very much sooner than later. Ever try digging sharp edged stone, which you'll have to do to fix the future problem of clogged bog stone? Especially when it's settled/compacted with debris? Sorry isn't even close to that experience.