Denis I am not worried about the roots piercing the liner, under my liner I have pretty thick underlayment. I have two good size trees fairly close to my pond one is a river birch which I really enjoy and are very fast growers it is about 2 feet away from the pond and they have lots of roots and no problems so far. The other tree is a dawn redwood another prolific grower about 3 feet a year (this is my favorite tree) it is within about 8 feet of the pond and has been there before the pond. The japanese maple is right next to the pond and has been there for several years, a very slow grower. I am just south of cincinnati so your weather is similar to ours, and I have never had any problems with the four japanese maples. I have two weeping and two upright ones, can't remember their names but could find them if you wanted. Crab apples are nice and give a nice shape and really enjoy ours but they produce small crabappls in the fall and the birds will eat throughout the winter but they will also drop those crab apples on the ground. You could do a dogwood depending on how much sun you get, two of mine are in sun most of the day and do ok but the one that gets morning sun and afternoon shade looks really good. I also have a type of magnolia tree that produces large creamy yellow flowers in the spirng and it is an average grower, I don't expect it to get any larger than 15 feet wide and 25 feet high. If you go with a pear tree get the one that will handle wind better, I think it is the clevland variety, the other one has a tendancy to lose half the tree during high winds.
My green japanese maple is a gorgeous orange color in the fall have a pic somewhere of it.