Goldfish body temperature is the same as their environment. Warmer temperatures speed up metabolism and colder temperatures slow metabolism (and digestion). There are several practical lessons to be had from looking at how goldfish would eat in their natural habitat and from studying the digestive process.
If you normally feed your fish several small meals during the day, begin cutting back to one, at midday, when the water is the warmest.
When the water temperature drops to approximately 65° F, start feeding a low protein, vegetable based, food. These are generally labeled as “Spring & Autumn” food. This type of fish food is better suited for the dietary requirements of pond fish in cool water and will not pollute the water with excess ammonia (fish do a very poor job of digesting protein at cold temperatures, so it ends up in your pond). Some water gardeners continue to feed their fish until they no longer come to the surface, but make sure you stop feeding pond fish when the water temperature falls below 42° F.
I do not know what type of pond you have, but if it is on the “natural” side there will be plenty of things in the pond for the fish to nibble on should they occasionally desire any food.