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Message: [QUOTE="Usman, post: 358341, member: 6635"] not to offend any one but today if ur rejecting pheromones then u have outdated information as it was not well established few years ago , u can might want to read this book , its not full on google [SIZE=6][B]Fish Pheromones and Related Cues[/B] [/SIZE] [URL='https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=ldm6BQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA12&dq=how%20do%20fish%20find%20each%20other&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false']https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=ldm6BQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA12&dq=how do fish find each other&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false[/URL] Abstract Fishes commonly use reproductive hormones and their precursors and metabolites as “hormonal pheromones” that induce important behavioral and physiological effects in conspecifics. In goldfish, the best understood example is that periovulatory females release sex steroid and prostaglandin pheromones that increase male hormone levels, sexual behaviors, ejaculate volume, sperm motility, and paternity. Although such responses to released hormonal compounds have been described in only a dozen species, olfactory recordings indicate that several hundred species from major orders (Cypriniformes, Characiformes, Siluriformes, Salmoniformes, and Perciformes) are extraordinarily sensitive to water-borne hormonal compounds. Moreover, a number of these species discriminate a variety of hormonal compounds through multiple, highly specific olfactory receptor mechanisms, suggesting that, despite the limited chemical diversity of hormones per se, hormonal pheromones might be species-specific. The discovery of hormonal pheromones has fundamentally changed our concept of fish reproduction by illustrating how endogenous hormonal signals that originally evolved to coordinate reproductive processes within the individual have been co-opted as exogenous odorants that synchronize reproduction among conspecifics [URL]http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118794739[/URL] Pheromones are chemical cues that pass between members of the same species that convey specific, adaptive information. These cues, and related chemicals whose function are less well defined, are especially important to fishes because of their aquatic environments and complex behaviors. Pheromones are also of increasing interest in both basic and applied aspects of fish biology because they can be used to manipulate fish behavior and may explain phenomena such as fishery collapse. [I]Fish Pheromones and Related Cues[/I] provides a timely synthesis of this growing body of research in freshwater and marine species and explores everything from how these chemical signals evolved, are produced, released and then processed, and finally to potential applications in fish culture and conservation. [I]Fish Pheromones and Related Cues[/I] opens with a useful overview on the theory of chemical communication and definitions. Chapters then progress by examining the biological importance of pheromones in inter- and intra-species communication, the role these chemical cues play in a variety biological functions from reproduction to predation, and then how they evolved and are detected and recognized by fish nervous systems. Final chapters provide valuable insight into how pheromones can be measured, how pheromonal disruption can explain effects of environmental pollution, and lastly how they pheromones are being applied in real-world efforts to culture fish species and to conserve our wild populations and control invasive species. [/QUOTE]

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