I bought a fish with ich years ago, and this is all the information I found out about it:
Ich is free-swimming until it attaches itself to the skin of a fish. The ich organism then forms a tough outer shell, or cyst, while it feeds on the fish’s bodily fluids. This encysted stage grows large enough to be seen with the naked eye and appears as a tiny white spot on the fish. After the cysts grow to a certain size, they break through the skin and drop off the fish and attach to any stationary object where they begin their reproductive stage. Then hundreds of free-swimming ich organisms can arise in less than a day and to re-infect the fish.
4 stages of Ich life cycle | How long each stage lives |
Trophont-the parasitic stage on the fish | will mature and leave the fish after 3-7 days at 75-80 degrees |
Protomont- parasite leaves the fish to encyst on the substrate to reproduce. | Will encyst within 24 hours, may be killed before it encysts. |
Tomont- This is the reproductive and longest lived stage | can last up to 72 days (2 ½ months) |
Theront- Free swimming looking for a host. This is when it can be killed. | At 86 degrees they will die within 24-48 hours with no host. |
While ich is encysted on the fish or in their reproductive cyst, no medicine can affect it. But once it’s free-swimming, it can be killed. Since the life cycle of ich takes at least three days at 80 degrees to complete, ich must be treated for at least four days (at 80 degrees) or preferably for a week. At colder temperatures the life cycle takes longer, so the treatment would need to be longer.
Life cycle is dependant on temperature: 4 days at 75 degrees, 8 weeks at 43 degrees, and can last as long as 72 days.
Most strains of ich can not reproduce in temperatures greater than 86 degrees. If the temps are consistently above 86 degrees for 10 days, ich may be eradicated.
In winter the parasite can exist in the cyst stage.
To treat ich: Best to treat when water temps are above 75 degrees.
1. Formalin. It may damage the biological filter and deplete oxygen levels. Its toxicity increases with temperature and acidity (PH below 7). Ich Guard II by Jungle contains formalin.
2. Malachite Green. It is a carcinogenic and is hazardous to breathe and handle. It is light sensitive (sun??). It may damage the biological filter and can stain.
3. Rid-Ich by Kordon or Ich Guard by Jungle consists of zinc-free malachite green
and formalin. The combination of malachite green and formalin is the most widely used to treat ich.
4. Kordon Ich-Attack is an all herbal treatment safe for all fish and the biological filter. It also combats fungus and other diseases. It contains five natural organic herbals and is totally free of chemicals (such as formalin and malachite) and all heavy metals, including zinc and copper. Does not affect pH of the water, or its oxygen content. Treat pond same time of day for 8 days when water temp is > 75 degrees.