There are probably 100 times more Aquascape ponds in the US compared to DIY ponds. Most of those Aquascape ponds are power washed once or twice a year.
"I power washed, now I have a leak, therefore the power washing must have caused the leak" is less logical than it sounds. My money would be on you walking in and around the stream causing something to sink which allowed water to escape.
I would also be betting serious cash that this stream/fall does indeed have a liner...it's under the mortared rock.
If it really is just mortared rock I'd make a second bet that it doesn't have a proper foundation. Walking on mortared rock, a stream of that length, you're going to open up cracks. That type of deal is never going to be water tight for very long even without walking on it.
If I were called to fix this here's what I would do:
1. Confirm there is a leak and not just evaporation. Because of the large stream size compared to a very small pond it would not be out of the question to see the pond drop by 3-6" per day in Aug and depending on weather.
2. Confirm the leak is in the stream. Turn off the pump and fill the pond and see what the water level does. That would also allow evaporation rate to be tested and compared.
3. Find some loose bits of mortar or rocks in the stream and remove to confirm liner or no liner. However, in either case it would mean removing all the rocks/mortar and rebuilding the entire stream/falls. There's a bottom line here, if walking around this, or even power washing it, caused a leak then I would expect a another leak to appear next week or next month even if you could find and repair this current leak. Finding and repairing a leak in this type of stream is just about impossible. Much easier and much more reliable to rebuild it correctly so people, dogs, deer, racoons, etc., can do what they will not cause a problem every few months.
However, in 20 years of reading pond forums I don't think a single person has ever done a repair like above. By far the most common fix is to go to the hardware store and buy whatever goop strikes your fancy. Then you just start filling stuff. Keep repeating. Try different goops. Then after 10 or 20 tries just turn off the pump and quietly fill in the pond. Fixed.
Similar to how DIYers "fix" roof leaks.