I would have suggested one of those paint on liners, but you said it had that and it leaked. It just looks like cement in the picture.
I have, as others, done auto repair and other various small repairs with fiberglass. The resin sets up pretty fast, within minutes. You have to be quick. It's sticky and messy and you need the right tools and equipment. There are various different cloth thicknesses, weaves, strands, etc. and different resins too.
If you're planning on coating that entire pond,
I think that would be a huge undertaking for someone that has never worked with that stuff before. But if you're just patching some cracks, maybe not so bad. I don't think fiberglass will adhere too well to that cement that's there. Any small patches will probably just fall off in a short period of time.
I'm on a boat forum where people do massive repairs with fiberglass. These guys know their stuff. If you want to check it out, look around on this forum:
Discussion of boats, general boating questions and anything else directly related to a boat or an engine.
forums.iboats.com
Whenever you get to it, be sure to take lots of in-progress pictures and post up a few for us. Your experience might be of great help for someone in a similar situation. We all learn from each other.
Good luck...