I have used airstones and sintered brass "exhaust silencers". You may not know what those silencers are if you are not familiar with industrial pneumatics, but they are similar to an airstone, only they are manufactured from brass. Their purpose is not to aerate, but to "quiet" the noise of air exhausting from pneumatic solenoid valves and cylinders used in the industrial manufacturing fields. I use these sintered brass silencers because I can get them for free from work when they get clogged up and they throw them away. I clean them with muriatic acid or vinegar and reuse them as long as I am able, then I have to toss them out when they get too bad.
What I find is that both the airstones and the brass silencers have an inherent flaw in design which causes them to actually siphon water into the porous material as the air is bubbling out from other sides. This draws in the hard water elements such as calcium, iron manganese, etc. They all eventually clog up the pores in these aeration devices and, after so many cleaning cycles, they just become degraded so badly that you have to replace them.
Here is what I have found that is much less expensive, aerates much better and lasts longer (albeit that this also has the same inherent problem as the previous mentioned devices).
Garden soaker hose! The black, porous, slow leaching garden hose that you would use to water garden plants, trees and shrubs and flowers. You can buy a 15, 25 or maybe 50 foot length of this soaker hose and, with a little minor engineering, cut it up into small sections and connect it to your aerator pump. It produces thousands.... millions of fine bubbles and at a fraction of the cost of the stones or my sintered brass silencers. All you need is some barbed fittings that will fit the ID of the soaker hose and attach to your aeration tubing and then you have to either weight the hose down in the pond or attach the hose to some rocks or wires or zip ties under water to hold it from floating out of position. For my galvanized stock tanks, I bought shower curtain hangers and cut them up a bit to make hooks and epoxied them to the side walls of the tank near the bottom. Then I ran the soaker hose all around the perimeter, hooking it under the "hook" of the shower hanger. The hose stays in place and when it does eventually get full of crud and I need to replace it, I just slip it out from under my shower curtain hooks and put the new section in and toss the old one. They are so inexpensive that this is, to me, the ultimate way to go. Too easy, too cheap and works too well not to give it a try!
This won't work with a standard aquarium air pump, of course, you need something with much more CFM volume. Also, I have found that some soaker hoses work much better than others, so you will have to experiement to find the one that works really exceptional. I thought they would all be the same, but that is not the case.
Give it a try, it is cheap enough that you won't be out much money if it doesn't work for you of if you don't like it.
Catfishnut